Virus-like particles are good nanocarriers for liquid biopsy probes, imaging contrast agents, and anticancer medications

Abstract

Recent advances in nanotechnology, chemistry, and material science have spurred the development and deployment of virus-mimetic particles. Virus-like particles have several competitive advantages. Virus-like particles are good nanocarriers for liquid biopsy probes, imaging contrast agents, and anticancer medications because of these advantages. Despite these encouraging improvements, virus-mimetic particles still have a number of shortcomings, particularly in vivo immune response and tumor targeting efficiency. The immunogenicity of virus-like particles is reduced to some extent by PEGylation of the viral capsid surface, allowing for passive tumor targeting. PEGylation, on the other hand, causes the ABC phenomenon, which results in the formation of new immune responses. Researchers are currently looking for novel materials with immune camouflage properties to negate the immunostimulatory potential of particles. Although it is projected that altering some types of virus-like particles will increase their targeted internalization, the plasma proteins adsorbed by the particles will diminish particle-target cell affinity. The corona-mediated delivery technique improves in vivo targeting effectiveness and may pave the way for clinical translation of virus-mimetic particles. With quick knowledge renewal of nanoparticle in vivo behaviors and ongoing invention of research methodologies and procedures, virusmimetic nanoparticles are projected to be completely endowed with the twin roles of immune camouflage and tumor targeting, displaying great therapeutic effectiveness.