Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and targeting. It has promises for the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes persistent inflammation and joint damage. Traditional medications like methotrexate, leflunomide, and antimalarials, as well as novel biological medicines like adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab, make up the DMARDs. New medications, such as upadacitinib17, a specific JAK-1 inhibitor, and rituximab have recently been introduced to the RA treatment arsenal. Nanoparticles are able to travel across loose vasculature and penetrate into inflammatory areas and tumor sites due to their unique physical features. The application of MNPs in the treatment, diagnosis, and targeting of rheumatoid arthritis is the topic of this review.

Nanotechnology is a subset of nanomaterials that are widely used in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and targeting.It has been used to treat malignancies and, more recently, the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. The findings have motivated scientists to test MNPs in a variety of disorders. While research into magnetically focused treatment and diagnostics is still in its early phases, it has already shown great potential. MNP technologies confront a number of challenges, including not just overcoming their inherent weaknesses, but also keeping up with the times. Using a single-cell method, the diversity of synovial cells and immune cells in joints was discovered. Precision therapy necessitates the application of MNP technology to further target specific cells. Because of the efficacy of exosomes in treating RA, bio-membrane encapsulated MNPs have been developed. Furthermore, the discovery of MNPs' effects on cell autophagy and metabolism has ushered in a new era in the mechanistic research of magnetic nanoparticles. Overall, magnetic nanoparticle modification is a promising platform for treating rheumatoid arthritis that is both promising and challenging.