Lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), coronary artery disease (CAD) and dyslipidaemia: A hospital-based case control study

Abstract

Objectives: The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate Lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), coronary artery disease (CAD) and dyslipidaemia. Methods: This was a hospital-based case control study conducted among patients (in the age group of 40 to 80 years with CVA of ischemic origin or CAD) who attended the outpatient department (OPD) and admitted in Department of General Medicine, Vinayaka Missions Medical College & Hospital, Karaikal during the time period of June 2016 to June 2017. The controls enrolled were healthy individuals without any previous history of CAD or CVA (ischemic origin) and a known case of dyslipidaemia. Results: The present study included 100 patients – 50 as cases (25 had ischaemic CVA and 25 had CAD) and 50 as controls. The mean (SD) age of the patients included in the present study was 58.90 years (10.74). The mean (SD)  Lipoprotein(a) was 30.97 (14.14); 38.51 in CVA patients and 36.73 in CAD patients. It was found that 19.0% patients had elevated low-density lipoprotein, 45.0% had low high-density lipoprotein, 40.0% had elevated triglycerides, and 44.0% had raised total cholesterol. The error plots showed that LDL was significantly higher among dyslipidaemia patients (121.82); HDL was significantly lower among dyslipidaemia (36.46) and CVA patients (36.84); triglycerides were significantly higher among dyslipidaemia patients (166.40); and total cholesterol was significantly higher among dyslipidaemia patients (261.20). Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the association between elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents and coronary artery disease. Lp(a) could serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying individuals at increased risk of these cardiovascular conditions.