Drug-Induced Periodontal And Dental Conditions- A Review

Abstract

The increase in targeted therapies and with the approval of new pharmaceutical drugs, adverse drug reactions are expected. The effects of drugs and chemicals can be seen in the oral cavity. The updated knowledge of these drugs can help in better diagnosis of the disease and in preventing the toxic and unwanted effects of drugs. A large population of people takes over-the-counter and prescription medication. The effects of these drugs can also be seen in the periodontal and dental structures. Drug-induced gingival enlargement is the most common periodontal complication. Gingival enlargement caused by these drugs may affect day-to-day functions like speech, and mastication and also cause esthetic problems. Severe cases might require surgical intervention. Various drugs and chemicals can affect the tooth either during development, causing physical damage, or later causing caries and tooth discoloration. Osteonecrosis is one of the severe complications of bisphosphonates with a prevalence of 0.8 to 12%. A thorough medical history should be taken to identify the offending drug for proper management of drug-induced conditions. Periodontal and dental treatment if required, should be advised before the prescription of long-term therapies.