Synthesis of (E)-N'-(pyridine-2-ylmethylene) picolino hydrazide with promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities along with their in-silico studies

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of interest in hydrazide-hydrazone compounds as a result of their extensive use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the new compound (E)-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene) picolino hydrazide, with the formula C20H19N3O2, was synthesised and confirmed using different spectroscopic techniques. The newly synthesised compound was tested for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties in vitro. The results of an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity test using the denaturation of bovine serum albumin as the measurement kit revealed a highly effective inhibitory effect. In addition, the results of the antimicrobial test showed that the compound demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition (18.2 mm) against the Staphylococcus aureus strain at a higher concentration (32 μg/ml) of the tested sample (32 g/ml), which is greater than the standard drug (ciprofloxacin: 17.5 mm). The antifungal activity of (E)-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene) picolinohydrazide indicated a maximum inhibition zone of 9.2 mm at a higher concentration (32 μg/ml) of the tested sample, which is comparable to that of the standard drug (ketoconazole: 9.0 mm). The anti-inflammatory activity performed by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method also gave a promising result. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the active compounds had a higher docking score and interacted effectively with the target protein. In silico molecular docking, results revealed the COX-5 and LL-37 (residues 17–29) proteins mainly depends on H-bonds between the pyridine groups of the synthesized ligand and the catalytic residues of the binding site, π-cation/anion interactions, (iii) π-alkyl interactions, and formation of carbon-hydrogen bond, π- π bond that stabilizes the interaction with the active site. Among the analogs of the hydrazine hydride class, the newly synthesized compound: (E)-N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene) picolino hydrazide proved to be a vital bioactive molecule.