The Development and Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Phytosomes to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracts

Abstract

Hyperglycemia, a prevalent metabolic anomaly linked to diabetes mellitus, primarily arises due to inadequate cellular-level insulin production or abnormalities in insulin action. The aforementioned endocrine disease is responsible for significant health complications and is exhibiting a rapid rate of dissemination within the study area. The achievement of broad diabetic management with oral drug administration without eliciting any adverse effects continues to be perceived as a challenging endeavor. Additionally, the escalating expenses associated with conventional treatment in underdeveloped countries represent an additional area of concern. The utilization of herbal plant extracts in the form of pharmaceuticals has garnered significant attention as a means to address these issues. The indigenous population of Nepal utilizes the crude extract derived from Swertia chirata and Ziziphus mauritiana, two notable medicinal plants native to the region, to address a range of health conditions, including type 2 diabetes. The primary aims of the present study encompassed the extraction of plant material using a hydroalcoholic extract, the investigation of phytochemical components in Swertia chirata and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as the formulation, production, and evaluation of phyotosomes. This work provides confirmation of the glucose tolerance activity facilitated by phytosomes that incorporate extracts derived from Swertia chirata and Ziziphus mauritiana The regulation of elevated blood glucose levels can be achieved through the utilization of phytososomes containing these extracts. Additionally, phytososomes  have demonstrated a sustained release capability that aligns well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.