Development and Assessment of a Polyherbal Formulation Containing Fractions of Aegle marmelos and Pedalium murex Leaves for its Anti-Diabetic Potential

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a medical disorder characterized by inadequate production, action, or a combination of both, of the hormone insulin. The disruption of a significant portion of the body's metabolic systems subsequently leads to the occurrence of persistent hyperglycemia. In the year 2000, the global population witnessed the impact of chronic disease on a significant scale, with over 171 million individuals being affected. Projections indicate that this number is anticipated to increase rapidly, reaching a staggering 366 million by the year 2030. As a consequence of pathophysiologic abnormalities in multiple organs resulting from metabolic dysregulations, individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to a range of health risks, including peripheral neuropathy and impairment of the optic nerve system. This study examines the antidiabetic effect of extracts derived from Aegle marmelos and Pedalium murex in a rat model.

Methodology: The compounds present in Aegle marmelos and Pedalium murex were extracted using the Soxhlation method, with ethanol being employed as the solvent. The extract underwent assessment for acute oral toxicity research in accordance with the recommendations set by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Following the conclusion of the acute oral toxicity study, the in vivo pharmacological activity was assessed to determine the glucose-lowering effect and oral glucose tolerance test on male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin. The chemical obtained from the extract was subjected to compression into tablets and afterwards assessed for tablet quality.

Result: The isolated compounds obtained from the extract of Aegle marmelos and Pedalium murex exhibited a glucose-lowering effect, albeit with decreased potency when compared to the standard glibenclamide at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.  The pills that were compressed and included the extract had good results in terms of quality.