Commonality Of Iron Deficiency Anemia In 2023 And Its Relevance- A Literature Review

Abstract

Anemia affects approximately a quarter of the global population, with heightened vulnerability observed among women, expectant mothers, young girls, and children under the age of 5. By 2021, global anemia cases soared to 1.92 billion, marking an alarming rise of 420 million instances within thirty years. Notably, between 1990 and 2021, the world saw a decline in severe anemia cases, with adult males recording the most substantial decrease. Yet, progress remains sluggish for women of reproductive age and young children. Currently, anemia ranks as the third leading cause of Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) globally. While iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia, solutions are not limited to iron supplements and dietary adjustments. Addressing root causes, such as malaria, kidney disease, and tropical diseases, is imperative. In 2021, the bulk of cases emanated from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most widespread and addressable form of anemia. Its origins can be varied, including factors like pregnancy, renal issues, excessive menstrual bleeding, and certain rare genetic disorders. The strategy for addressing various IDA causes is now leaning towards intravenous (IV) iron, owing to its enhanced effectiveness and lesser side effects. Beyond IDA treatment, IV iron also offers potential benefits for conditions like heart failure and restless leg syndrome. Diagnosis of iron deficiency is essential, with symptoms often being subtle, yet bearing significant clinical consequences. Standard diagnostic methods involve measuring haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Both oral and IV iron supplements are options for treatment, with the choice influenced by patient-specific and disease-related considerations.